Amniotic stem cells

Amniotic stem cells are multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal origin extracted from amniotic fluid.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue type such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and may have potential future medical applications.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

All over the world, universities and research institutes are studying amniotic fluid to discover all the qualities of amniotic stem cells, and scientists such as Anthony Atala, Paolo De Coppi [1][2] and Giuseppe Simoni [3][4] have discovered important results.

Contents

Ethical aspect

From an ethical point of view, stem cells from amniotic fluid provide a noncontroversial alternative to embryonic stem cells because they are harvested without destroying embryos. For example, the Vatican newspaper "Osservatore Romano", the newspaper of the Holy See has even called amniotic stem cells "the future of medicine" [5].

However, many religions still vehemently fight against the use of stem cells because certain practices say that it is a form of “playing God”, regardless of where the cells are extracted from.

Amniotic stem cells banks

Thanks to recent studies [6], supported in part by Lombardy italian region (Italy) leader Roberto Formigoni, it is possible to bank stem cells derived from amniotic fluid in private stem cells banks [7].

In 2009, the first US amniotic stem cell bank was opened in Medford, MA, by Biocell Center, an international company specializing in the cryopreservation and private banking of amniotic fluid stem cells.

Notes

See also

References

  1. ^ De Coppi P, Bartsch G Jr, Siddiqui MM, Xu T, Santos CC, Perin L, Mostoslavsky G, Serre AC, Snyder EY, Yoo JJ, Furth ME, Soker S, Atala A. (2007) “Isolation of amniotic stem cell lines with potential for therapy.” Nature Biotechnology. 25(1):100-106
  2. ^ Canazi M, Atala A, De Coppi P. (2009). “Stem cells derived from amniotic fluid: new potentials in regenerative medicine.” Reprod Biomed Online. 18 Suppl 1: 17-27
  3. ^ Sessarego N, Parodi A, Podesta M, Benvenuto F, Mogni M, Raviolo V. Lituania M, Kunkl A, Ferlazzo G, Bricarelli FD, Uccelli A, Frassoni F. (2008). “Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application”. Haematologica. 93(3): 339-346
  4. ^ Steigman SA, Armant M, Bayer-Zwirello L, Kao GS, Silberstein L, Ritz J, Fauza DO. (2008). “Preclinical regulatory validation of a 3-stage amniotic mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing protocol.” J Pediatr Surg. 43(6):1164-1169
  5. ^ Kaviani A, Perry TE, Dzakovic A, Jennings RW, Ziegler MM, Fauza DO. (2001). “The amniotic fluid as a source of cells for fetal tissue engineering.” J Pediatr Surg. 36(11):1162-1165
  6. ^ Zhang P, Baxter J, Vinod K, Tulenko TN, Di Muzio PJ. (2009). “Endothelial differentiation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells; synergism of biochemical and shear force stimuli.” Stem Cells Dev. 18(9): 1299-1308
  7. ^ Walther G, Gekas J, Bertrand OF. (2009). “Amniotic stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty: promises and premises.” Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 73(7): 917-924
  8. ^ Siegel N, Valli A, Fuchs C, Rosner M, Hengstschlager M. (2009). “Induction of mesenchymal/epithelial marker expression in human amniotic fluid stem cells.” Reprod Biomed Online. 19(6): 838-846
  9. ^ De Coppi P, Bartsch G Jr, Siddiqui MM, Xu T, Santos CC, Perin L, Mostoslavsky G, Serre AC, Snyder EY, Yoo JJ, Furth ME, Soker S, Atala A. (2007) “Isolation of amniotic stem cell lines with potential for therapy.” Nature Biotechnology. 25(1):100-106
  10. ^ Canazi M, Atala A, De Coppi P. (2009). “Stem cells derived from amniotic fluid: new potentials in regenerative medicine.” Reprod Biomed Online. 18 Suppl 1: 17-27
  11. ^ Sessarego N, Parodi A, Podesta M, Benvenuto F, Mogni M, Raviolo V. Lituania M, Kunkl A, Ferlazzo G, Bricarelli FD, Uccelli A, Frassoni F. (2008). “Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application”. Haematologica. 93(3): 339-346
  12. ^ Zhang P, Baxter J, Vinod K, Tulenko TN, Di Muzio PJ. (2009). “Endothelial differentiation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells; synergism of biochemical and shear force stimuli.” Stem Cells Dev. 18(9): 1299-1308
  13. ^ Siegel N, Valli A, Fuchs C, Rosner M, Hengstschlager M. (2009). “Induction of mesenchymal/epithelial marker expression in human amniotic fluid stem cells.” Reprod Biomed Online. 19(6): 838-846
  14. ^ Siegel N, Rosner M, Hanneder M, Freilinger A, Hengstschlager M. (2008). “Human amniotic fluid stem cells: a new perspective.” Amino Acids. 35(2): 291-293.
  15. ^ Perin L, Sedrakyan S, Da Sacco S, De Filippo R. (2008). “Characterization of human amniotic fluid stem cells and their pluripotential capability.” Methods Cell Biol. 86: 85-99
  16. ^ Perin L, Giuliani S, Jin D, Sedrakyan S, Carraro G, Habibian R, Warburton D, Atala A, De Filippo RE. (2007). “Renal differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells.” Cell Prolif. 40(6): 936-948
  17. ^ Antonucci I, Iezzi I, Morizio E, Mastrangelo F, Pantalone A, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Gigante A, Salini V, Calabrese G, Tete S, Palka G, Stuppia L. (2009). “Isolation of osteogenic progenitors from human amniotic fluid using a single step culture protocol.” BMC Biotechnol. 9: 9
  18. ^ Prusa AR, Marton E, Rosner M, Bettelheim D, Lubec G, Pollack A, Bernaschek G, Hengstschlager M. (2004). “Neurogenic cells in human amniotic fluid.” Am J Obstet Gynecol. 191(1): 309-314
  19. ^ Schmidt D, Achermann J, Odermatt B, Genoni M, Zund G, Hoerstrup SP. (2008). ”Cryopreserved amniotic fluid-derived cells: a lifelong autologous fetal stem cell source for heart valve tissue engineering.” J Heart Valve Dis. 17(4): 446-455
  20. ^ Sessarego N, Parodi A, Podesta M, Benvenuto F, Mogni M, Raviolo V. Lituania M, Kunkl A, Ferlazzo G, Bricarelli FD, Uccelli A, Frassoni F. (2008). “Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application”. Haematologica. 93(3): 339-346
  21. ^ Walther G, Gekas J, Bertrand OF. (2009). “Amniotic stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty: promises and premises.” Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 73(7): 917-924
  22. ^ Schmidt D, Achermann J, Odermatt B, Genoni M, Zund G, Hoerstrup SP. (2008). ”Cryopreserved amniotic fluid-derived cells: a lifelong autologous fetal stem cell source for heart valve tissue engineering.” J Heart Valve Dis. 17(4): 446-455
  23. ^ Fuchs JR, Kaviani A, Oh JT, LaVan D, Udagawa T, Jennings RW, Wilson JM, Fauza DO. (2004). “Diaphragmatic reconstruction with autologous tendon engineered from mesenchymal amniocytes.” J Pediatr Surg. 39(6): 834-838
  24. ^ Kunisaki SM, Freedman DA, Fauza DO. (2006). “Fetal tracheal reconstruction with cartilaginous grafts engineered from mesenchymal amniocytes.” J Pediatr Surg. 41(4): 675-682
  25. ^ Steigman SA, Ahmed A, Shanti RM, Tuan RS, Valim C, Fauza DO. (2009). “Sternal repair with bone grafts engineered from amniotic mesenchymal stem cells.” J Pediatr Surg. 44(6): 1120-1126
  26. ^ Parolini O, Soncini M, Evangelista M, Schmidt D. (2009). “Amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid-derived cells: potential tools for regenerative medicine?” Regen Med. 4(2): 275-291
  27. ^ Caplan AI. (2009). “Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight.” J Pathol. 217(2): 318-324
  28. ^ Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L, Locatelli F, Roelofs H, Lewis I, Lanino E, Sundberg B, Bernardo ME, Remberger M, Dini G, Egeler RM, Bacigalupo A, Fibbe W, Ringden O. (2008). “Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study.” Lancet 371(9624): 1579-1586
  29. ^ Abdi R, Fiorina P, Adra CN, Atkinson M, Sayegh MH. (2008). “Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes.” Diabetes 57(7): 1759-1767
  30. ^ Centeno CJ, Busse D, Kisiday J, Keohan C, Freeman M. Karli D. (2008). “Increased knee cartilage volume in degenerative joint disease using percutaneously implanted, autologous mesenchymal stem cells.” Pain Physician. 11(3): 343-353
  31. ^ Hauser PV, De Fazio R, Bruno S, Sdei S, Grange C, Bussolati B, Benedetto C, Camussi G. “Stem cells derived from human amniotic fluid contribute to acute kidney injury recovery.” Am J Pathol 2010 Oct;177(4):2011-21.
Sources/types
Cell potency
Related articles